Written by Hugo J. Smal
The go-sanke-koi-varieties. During the Japanese Edo period (1603 – 1867), the successive Shoguns (rulers of military castes) always came from three closely related families: Mito, Kishu, and Owan. They are known as Tokugawa Go-Sanke, which were considered the most important families of the period. As a tribute to them, the three most famous variants of the Nishikigoi (Kohaku, Showa Sanshoku, and Taisho Sanke) were named the go-sanke-koi-varieties.
Koi Varieties
There are many Koi varieties, and new ones are born almost every decade. Despite the many variants, only Kohaku, Showa Sanshoku, and Taisho Sanke are considered part of the Go-Sanke class. Today, there are about 150 different koi species, each with its own quality standards and enthusiasts. While it is possible to transform a pond into a vibrant color festival with various Koi varieties, focusing solely on the Go-Sanke class has its merits.
Go-Sanke Koi varieties – True Ambassadors
Genealogy of Fancy Carp Published in “Living Jewels, General Survey of Fancy Carp” by Masayuki Amano. Drawn by Mr. Masamoto Kataoka.Big prizes at shows are usually awarded to these three types the Go-Sanke Koi Varieties. After the Asagi, they are the oldest Koi varieties and the true ambassadors of the koi hobby. For instance, Peter Waddington, author of “Koi Kichi,” primarily discussed go-sanke-koi-varieties. His farm featured very few other koi species, maybe a Bekko, Utsuri, or the occasional Shusui or Asagi.
All koi knowledge converges in the go-sanke-koi-varieties class: the contrast between blackfish (Showa Sanshoku) and whitefish (Kohaku and Taisho Sanke). The most famous Koi come from this class: the Kato Showa, renowned for its unparalleled quality, the Crown Sanke with its perfectly balanced white and black markings, and Loran, exemplifying the great beauty and value of Koi. All the demands placed on other Koi species originate from these three most respected Go-Sanke Koi Varieties.
Learn about Go-Sanke at Koi shows
Attending koi shows is essential for anyone wanting to truly understand the Go-Sanke Koi varieties. These events bring together the best breeders and enthusiasts who showcase their most exceptional koi, including Kohaku, Showa Sanshoku, and Taisho Sanke. By participating in these shows, you have the opportunity to see top-quality koi up close, study the various patterns and colors, and understand what makes a koi a winner. Additionally, koi shows provide a platform for exchanging knowledge and experiences with other hobbyists and experts. You can gain valuable insights into the care, feeding, and breeding techniques of these prestigious varieties. Seeing and evaluating top-quality koi in person not only enhances your understanding of the standards but also improves your own skills and attention to detail. Find your show on our Koi events page.
Sumi or Shiro
Taisho Sanke and Kohaku are white fish, while Showa Sanshoku is black. Differences are usually clear, but assessing a Kindai Showa (modern Showa) can be challenging as it closely resembles the Taisho Sanke. Remember, blackfish usually show Motoguro, a round sumi mark on the pectoral fin against the abdomen. White varieties with Sumi markings usually have sumi stripes on those fins. It’s said that Showa’s sumi resembles a tiger’s markings, while Sanke’s sumi resembles a jaguar’s. If you’re unsure, check the mouth: if it’s black, it’s a blackfish. Go-Sanke Koi Varieties are defined by their basic colour. and learn about the importance of
Kohaku
All koi with red patterns are judged by Kohaku standards, making it essential to understand them well. The white ground of the Kohaku and any other white fish is called Shiroji. In the past, the red markings were more important, but now it’s recognized that perfectly white backgrounds enhance the red markings. As Koi grow, fukurin (the skin of the Koi) becomes visible, forming a highly valued net pattern. Learn more about the Kohaku variety on KoiTalk.
Kohaku Patterns
Kohaku has various patterns, including step patterns (Nidan, Sandan, and Yandan) with Sandan being the most classic. The straight hi has a mark from head to tail, known as Inazuma when it has a lightning bolt character. Kohaku with red lips is called Kuchibeni. Maruten Kohaku has a round mark on the head, and if the carp has only a round mark on the head, it’s called Tancho Kohaku. The last markings should stop before the tail to balance the fish, significantly increasing its value. Markings on the head should also be balanced with the back mark. Good Kohaku patterns are important for Go-Sanke Koi Varieties.
Taisho Sanke
A Taisho Sanke is essentially a Kohaku with added sumi patterns. The sumi markings on the shoulder, end of the dorsal fin, and tail are necessary. All other sumi markings are incidental. A white tail set, preceded by red and black, is elegant. Sumi should not be present on the head, and the pectoral fins should have equal sumi stripes for balance. Gaining a deeper understanding of the Taisho Sanke.
Showa Sanke
This black Koi variety should have a nice Kohaku pattern, but with more massive black markings than the Taisho Sanke. While Sanke’s sumi markings are spots on a red and white body, Showa must have the three colors balanced. Classic Showa de Shiro markings should cover about 20% of the total. Head markings and motoguro (round sumi mark on the pectoral fins against the belly) are crucial. A red mark on the head adds character. The motoguro should be nicely round, and a white tail set preceded by a sumi marking is ideal. Discover the Showa Sanshoku variety on KoiTalk.
Conclusion for Go-Sanke Koi varieties
Focusing on the go-sanke-koi-varieties offers a deeper appreciation for the rich history and aesthetic refinement of koi. These three types—Kohaku, Showa Sanshoku, and Taisho Sanke—are not only the oldest and most revered varieties but also represent the highest standards in the koi hobby. Whether it’s the perfect balance of colors or the symbolism behind each marking, the Go-Sanke Koi Varieties are the true ambassadors of koi culture. By immersing yourself in these varieties, you can fully embrace the art and science of breeding and caring for koi, and enjoy a beautiful and meaningful color festival in your own pond.
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